基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

双辊薄带连铸低碳微合金钢的铸态组织

采用双辊薄带连铸技术制备了低碳微合金钢薄带，利用OM，SEM和TEM对铸态凝固组织、室温组织、析出及位错进行观察和分析.结果表明:低碳微合金钢铸带的凝固组织中二次枝晶间距约为12~15μm，相对于传统厚板坯和薄板坯连铸，铸带组织得到了明显细化.铸带的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比较粗大，约为250~410μm，其组织由魏氏铁素体、珠光体和不规则铁素体组成.铸带组织中存在纳米级TiC析出和短棒状的渗碳体.TiC析出没有被薄带连铸的凝固过程及二次冷却过程明显抑制.铸带组织由于铸轧力及二次冷却速率不均匀导致大量位错的产生.     

纯铁液凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

为了研究纯铁熔液体系在凝固过程中的演变行为,采用分子动力学方法和带有范德瓦尔斯项的长程F-S势函数对液态Fe凝固过程的结构和能量演变进行模拟。径向分布函数、原子均方位移函数和Fe原子的聚集状态变化图像显示,凝固过程是Fe原子由无序向短程有序再向长程有序的变化过程,其中的短程有序结构可能是Fe原子组成的团簇结构;凝固过程中体系的总能量变化呈逐渐降低,Fe单质完美晶体的凝固温度约为2400 K。     

A coupled model of TiN inclusion growth in GCr15SiMn during solidification in the electroslag remelting process

TiN inclusions observed in an ingot produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) are extremely harmful to GCr15SiMn steel. There-fore, accurate predictions of the growth size of these inclusions during steel solidification are significant for clean ESR ingot production. On the basis of our previous work, a coupled model of solute microsegregation and TiN inclusion growth during solidification has been estab-lished. The results demonstrate that compared to a non-coupled model, the coupled model predictions of the size of TiN inclusions are in good agreement with experimental results using scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Because of high cooling rate, the sizes of TiN inclusions in the edge area of the ingots are relatively small compared to the sizes in the center area. Dur-ing the ESR process, controlling the content of Ti in the steel is a feasible and effective method of decreasing the sizes of TiN inclusions.     

基于虚拟势场和学习自动机的有向传感网覆盖控制

针对目前有向传感网中覆盖增强和冗余节点体眠调度算法存在的问题,提出虚拟势场结合学习自动机的覆盖控制算法.引入基于质心距离和重复感知率的虚拟力改进模型,综合考虑虚拟向心力和切向力对感知角度调整的影响,建立微观虚拟力与转动角度的关系模型,并根据网络整体覆盖率增长率对节点调整幅度进行宏观控制,合理调整节点感知方向.在此基础上,根据节点重复感知率和能量因素建立学习自动机与环境信息的交互机制,学习最优的冗余节点休眠调度策略.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够显著增强网络覆盖,并有效地控制网络覆盖冗余.     

山西省普通本科院校公共体育教学中开展定向运动的现状调查

采用问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等对山西省普通本科院校开展定向运动的影响因素进行了分析研究,旨在促进学生心理协调能力和社会适应能力的全面发展,其结果表明,山西省普通本科院校定向运动课程发展缓慢,体育任课教师对定向运动的参与度较高,学生对定向运动的认知度较低但兴趣较浓,指出要提高普通本科院校领导对开展定向运动的重视程度,提高体育任课教师的业务水平,建立高校定向运动俱乐部以丰富校园文化生活。     

海相固化土抗压强度特性试验研究

为探讨固化剂对某地海相土的固化效果,制备了固化剂掺量10%~14%,压实度94%~98%的固化土试样,经标准养护后,分别进行了7~180 d养护时间的无侧限抗压强度试验.试验结果表明:尽管固化土的无侧限抗压强度都分别随压实度和固化剂掺量的增大而增大,但对掺量为10%和12%的固化土来说,提高压实度,其强度增加则更为明显,而对于压实度为98%的固化土来说,增加掺量并不能有效增加其28 d之前的强度.另外,固化土的无侧限抗压强度随时间增长而增大,但超过90 d后已趋于稳定.     

MIMO阵元方向性对系统性能影响研究

在考虑空间衰落相关性(SFC)的同时引入天线单元方向性,研究基于统计信道模型的终端MIMO多天线模型及性能评估方法.在Kronecker的MIMO信道建模中应用终端波达信号方位角功率谱(APS)模型.利用此MIMO信道模型概念,分析在统计衰落信道中MIMO阵元方向性对系统性能影响,包括对空间衰落相关系数、MIMO多径信道容量和误码率(BER)的影响.仿真和优化结果表明:终端MIMO多天线模型中阵元方向性对系统性能影响显著,合理安排阵元波束方向可增加约10%多径信道容量并明显减小误码率.     

局部Lipschitz模糊函数的性质及广义方向导数

借助模糊数的左端点和右端点给出局部Lipschitz模糊函数的一个等价刻画,并引进了局部Lipschitz函数广义方向导数的概念.利用两个集合的间隔和距离给出局部Lipschitz模糊函数的若干性质,并举例给出求广义方向导数的方法.     

Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.